Technical characteristics and functional capabilities of low-pressure systems in the restoration of paper materials

The article investigates the functional characteristics, technical parameters, and technological capabilities of modern low-pressure systems used in the restoration and conservation of paper-based materials. The current state of vacuum technology application in restoration practice is analyzed, tracing its stages of development and technical improvement, as well as determining its influence on the quality and efficiency of conservation and restoration processes. Particular attention is given to the technical solutions developed by European manufacturers of restoration equipment, notably BELO GmbH (Germany) and Restauro-Technika (Poland), whose products are actively employed in educational institutions and professional restoration workshops.

The study examines the structural features of various types of vacuum tables - with full or localized suction surfaces, integrated heating and lighting systems, and specialized models designed for working with documents, graphic sheets, book blocks, and other paper-based objects. The influence of pressure, humidity, and temperature parameters on the stability of the fibrous structure of paper, as well as on the efficiency of technological operations such as lining, drying, and deformation correction, is determined.

The article emphasizes the relevance of integrating low-pressure systems into contemporary restoration practice as high-precision, technologically controlled tools that combine the effectiveness of mechanical action with minimal risk to the material substrate of the object. It is noted that the use of vacuum technologies contributes to increased accuracy, reproducibility, stability, and safety of restoration procedures, while simultaneously establishing high standards for the technical infrastructure of restoration institutions.

The results of the conducted analysis confirm the significant role of low-pressure systems in the development of modern restoration infrastructure, the optimization of technological processes, and the long-term preservation of paper-based cultural heritage objects.

Keywords: paper restoration, conservation, vacuum table, low-pressure systems, BELO, Restauro-Technika, auxiliary modules, lining, fibrous structure of paper.

doi: 10.32403/1998-6912-2025-2-71-227-239